War of Actium (32-30 BC) In which Octavian wins Mark Antony and Cleopatra conquering the Greek Kingdom of Ptolemaic Egypt.

Battle of Orleans – Gallo-Roman and Salian Frank forces under the command of Aegidius defeated a force of Visigoths at Orleans. Aelius Gallus Attempts the Conquest of Arabia—and Reaches the Limits of Roman Power | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com . Retrieved 2023-05-30. Despite being the only clear champion of the Empire at this point, Aëtius was slain by the Emperor Valentinian III's own hand 2 years BC – Battle of Sentinum – Romans under Fabius Rullianus and Publius Decimus Mus defeat the Samnites and their Etruscan and Gallic allies, forcing the Etruscans, Gauls, and Umbrians to make peace

Lots of modern languages were derived from (this means came from) Latin. About 60 percent of the words in the English language have Greek or Latin roots. There are some Latin words you might use without realising it, for example the words acumen , agenda, obvious, ego, semi, versus, vice versa, rapport and ambiguous . There are also English words that are based on the Latin word, for example the word plumbing exists because the Romans made their pipes out of lead and the word for lead in Latin is plumbum .

The Second Mithridatic War began when Rome tried to annex Bithynia as a province. In the Third Mithridatic War, first Lucius Licinius Lucullus and then Pompey the Great were sent against Mithridates. [195] Mithridates was finally defeated by Pompey in the night-time Battle of the Lycus. [196] After defeating Mithridates, Pompey invaded Caucacus, subjugated the Kingdom of Iberia and established Roman control over Colchis. BC – Siege of Rhodes – Mithridates fails to capture Rhodes, defended by the proconsul Lucius Cassius. Battle of the Medway – Claudius and general Aulus Plautius defeat a confederation of British Celtic tribes. Roman invasion of Britain begins BC – Battle of Bovianum – Roman consuls M. Fulvius and L. Postumius decisively defeat the Samnites. BC – Battle of Beneventum – Inconclusive encounter between Pyrrhus and the Romans under Manius Curius.Jones, Jim (2013). "Roman History Timeline" (PDF). West Chester University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2023 . Retrieved 2 April 2023. The Price of Expansion: Agriculture, debt-dependency, and warfare during the rise of the Republic, c. 450-287

Constantine then turned upon Maxentius, beating him in the Battle of Verona and the Battle of Milvian Bridge in the same year. Constantine's son Constantius II inherited his father's rule and later defeated the usurper Magnentius in first the Battle of Mursa Major and then the Battle of Mons Seleucus.BC – Battle of Corbio – Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus leads Roman troops to defeat the Aequi and the Volsci. Siege of Hippo Regius – Vandals under Genseric establish a foothold in Africa, strategically defeating Rome. Saint Augustine dies during the siege.

Battle of the Eurymedon – Roman forces under Lucius Aemilius Regillus defeat a Seleucid fleet commanded by Hannibal, fighting his last battle. This is one of the three public loos that’s been left here at Vindalanda. You’d have had twelve wooden seats along here. You’d sit down, do your business straight into the drain below and probably have a chat with some of your friends as you did so. c. 405/6: Siege of Florence - Stilicho defended the city from the Goths of king Radagaisus, but Florence was nearly destroyed. Octavian betrayed his party, and came to terms with Caesarians Antony and Lepidus and on 26 November 43 BC the Second Triumvirate was formed, [242] this time in an official capacity. [241] In 42 BC Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fought the indecisive Battle of Philippi with Caesar's assassins Marcus Brutus and Cassius. Although Brutus defeated Octavian, Antony defeated Cassius, who committed suicide. Brutus also committed suicide shortly afterwards.The Romans spoke Latin and Greek as their official languages, although with such a large empire, there were many other languages that were spoken. BC – Battle of Cabira or the Rhyndacus – Lucullus defeats the retreating forces of Mithridates, opening way to Pontus. December – traditional date of the Crossing of the Rhine: a mixed group of barbarians, which purportedly included Vandals, Alans and Suebi, crossed into northern Gaul. [13]