One must write with a ball point pen on top of Tipp-Ex, as a liquid ink pen will smudge. Gel ink will require a few seconds to fully dry, but can be used if no ball point pen is available. [ citation needed] Toxicology [ edit ] Tipp-Ex correction paper was invented by Wolfgang Dabisch from Eltville, West Germany, who filed a patent in 1958 [2] on Colored film for the correction of typing errors (German: Tippfehler). He subsequently founded a company of the same name. Shortly after that a Tipp-Ex Sales & Distribution company (Tipp-Ex Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG) was founded in Frankfurt by Otto Carls. This company still exists under the name of Tipp-Ex GmbH & Co. KG close to Frankfurt. Liquid paper", "snopake" and "white-out" are used as general terms in the United States, Canada, Australia, and some countries in the former USSR. In Philippines the terms "snopake" or "liquid paper" are the common terms, both after common brands available there. "Liquid eraser" is also a common term. The exact composition of correction fluid varies between manufacturers, but most fluids are composed of an opacifying agent, a solvent (or thinner) and an adulterant 'fragrance' to discourage abuse. The opacifying agent can be composed of a mixture of titanium dioxide, [2] latex, and other polymer resins. [3]

In the second phase, pigment is in the process. It will be added in suitable amount into the water. Mixing is implemented at very high rate in this process which is different from the first phase. In the mixing process, when the particle is small enough, it will be added into the main batch. In Thailand, the term ลิควิด, 'liquid' has also become a commonly-used term over น้ำยาลบคำผิด, 'correction fluid'. In the first phase, water will be filled into the main batch tank. The suspending agents and some of the ingredients will be added in this phase. Mixing is implemented at low rate for adequate dispersion. During the mixing, there is no air added into the mixture.Jones, Nancy. "Graham, Bette Clair McMurray (1924–1980)". Texas State Historical Association . Retrieved September 30, 2020. Graham continued experimenting with the makeup of the substance until she achieved the perfect combination of paint and several other chemicals. The refined product was renamed "Liquid Paper" in 1958 and, amid soaring demand, Graham applied for a patent and a trademark that same year.

In Latin America, "liquid paper" (or just "liquid") is also the colloquial term over the formal Spanish term, corrector. Overlooked No More: Bette Nesmith Graham, Who Invented Liquid Paper". The New York Times . Retrieved July 13, 2018. In Brazil, "liquid paper" is also the colloquial term over the formal Portuguese term, corretivo. [ citation needed]In Turkey the term "daksil" (from "daktilo silgisi": typewriter eraser) is the most frequently used. If you're working with pen, you're bound to make mistakes from time to time. Our selection of correction fluid allows you to make corrections on important documents or notes. You'll find correction fluid in several styles, including correction pens, bottles of fluid and correction tape. For making corrections either in the office or at home, we can help.

From the start, Graham ran her company with a unique combination of spirituality, egalitarianism, and pragmatism. Raised a Baptist, Graham converted to Christian Science in 1942, and this faith inspired the development of her corporate "Statement of Policy". Part code of ethics, part business philosophy, it covered everything from her belief in a "Supreme Being" to a focus on decentralized decision making and an emphasis on product quality over the pursuit of profit. She also believed that women could bring a more nurturing and humanistic quality to the male world of business, and provided a greenbelt with a fish pond, an employee library, and a childcare center in her new company headquarters in 1975. [2] Legacy [ edit ] Tipp-Ex correction fluid is a white liquid. It is used for painting over mistakes in a piece of writing. A brush (which was later replaced by a foam applicator) is attached to the cap, so when the bottle is closed, the brush is immersed in the fluid. When unscrewed, the brush is covered in liquid Tipp-Ex which is then painted over the mistake. However, it is still possible to see that the product has been used, and also the original content if the paper is held up to a light. Graham’s impact on her revolutionary invention, “Liquid Paper” shows its relevance through its longevity of use to even today. From its fruition in 1956, Graham’s invention is now in virtually every office desk and supply cabinet around the world. The substance, Liquid Paper, the correction fluid relieves writers of all stripes from the pressure of perfection.Bette Nesmith Graham (March 23, 1924 – May 12, 1980) was an American typist, commercial artist, and the inventor of the correction fluid Liquid Paper. She was the mother of musician and producer Michael Nesmith of The Monkees. [1] Biography [ edit ] The organic solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane was originally used as a thinner in the product. This solvent is readily absorbed by the lungs via inhalation. It passes readily through the blood–brain barrier and may be lethal following acute exposure. [6] 1,1,1-trichloroethane is also an ' ozone depleter', being one of the substances responsible for causing damage to the Earth's ozone layer. [7] For both reasons, it has not been added to Tipp-Ex since 2000, and it has been replaced by aliphatic hydrocarbons. [8] See also [ edit ] Tipp-Ex is a brand of correction fluid and other related products that is popular throughout Europe. It was also the name of the German company ( Tipp-Ex GmbH & Co. KG) that produced the products in the Tipp-Ex line. While Tipp-Ex is a trademark name for correction products, in some countries it has become a genericised trademark: [1] to tippex or to tippex out means to erase, either generally or with correction fluid. Composition [ edit ] Correction fluid copolymer visualized under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The micro-structural details of the copolymer resin are visible under high magnifications. Correction fluid was applied on a glass base (visible in the bottom-right corner of all SEM images). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.